This blog is intended to serve as interactive forum to spark a much needed dialogue among those of us in the field as well as ordinary American citizens.

Read my blog and share your thoughts and opinions, agreements and disagreements, and your ideas by posting your comments below.

Parents - The Solution to Our Nation’s Drug Problem

March 27th, 2009

Joseph A. Califano, Jr.Hillary Clinton’s got it right:  “Our insatiable demand for illegal drugs fuels the drug trade.” We Americans are about 4 percent of the world’s population but we consume two thirds of the world’s illegal drugs.

The solution to the nation’s drug epidemic lies not in courtrooms and legislative hearing rooms and across our borders, but in living rooms and dining rooms and across kitchen tables.

In seventeen years of research at the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASA), our most important finding is this: a child who gets through age 21 without smoking, using illegal drugs or abusing alcohol is virtually certain never to do so.  There will of course be exceptions—parents who lose a child, a latent genetic vulnerability, some prescription drug abuse by elderly widows and widowers who have lost their financial security and emotional stability—but they are comparatively few.

A corollary finding of our work is that parents have the greatest influence on their children, for better or for worse.  There are no silver bullets in a society where it is as easy for a teen to buy a marijuana joint as it is to buy a candy bar, but healthy parental engagement is the most powerful antidote to a child’s temptation to smoke, drink or use illegal drugs.
Parents who are involved in their children’s lives, who eat dinner regularly with them, get involved in their school and extracurricular activities, talk and listen to their teens, and take them to religious services are far less likely to have kids who use illegal drugs.

This is also true of parents who supervise their kids and set limits.  Moms and Dads who monitor their kids’ activities—the movies and television they see, the music they download, their use of the internet–reduce the risk that their kids will smoke, drink or use illegal drugs.

It’s also important for parents to take the time to explain to their kids the dangers of smoking and drinking alcohol since so much of the advertising of these products is designed to make them attractive to teens.  And parents should make sure their kids understand the dangers of experimenting with products they have around the house—from aerosol cans and glue bottles to controlled prescription drugs like Vicodin, Valium and OxyContin. In recent years, we’ve learned how related these substances are.  It’s hard to find a heroin or cocaine addict that hasn’t been smoking, abusing alcohol and using marijuana.  Just last week, the US government reported that from 2002 to 2007, 17 percent of teens who use illicit drugs indicated that inhalants were the first drug they tried.

The statistical relationship has been known for years.  Recent advances in brain imaging and neurology have revealed the reason for this relationship: all these substances affect dopamine (which gives pleasure) levels in the brain in similar ways and imaging display the similar impact of these substances on their brain.

We do not have to look across our southern border or to the poppy fields of Afghanistan to find a solution to the drug epidemic that plagues our nation.  We just have to look in the mirror and at the world in which we are placing our teens. Parents need to set a good example and use their power to make that world a better place.

Some material in this piece is derived from my book, How to Raise a Drug-Free Kid: The Straight Dope for Parents, to be published in August.

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Comments:

  1. Hermann T. Meyer writes:

    It is very much true what you say, but it doesn’t help a lot. We have known it for decades, it was not possible to reach the parents. We must convince politicians and citizens to introduce a control policy which reduces consumption. See Thomas Babor et al.: “Alcohol - no ordinary commodity”, 2003. The two best means are higher prices (taxes) and availability. What do you think of my Project Idea on http://www.alkoholpolitik.ch? http://www.alkoholpolitik.ch/archiv08/projengl.htm
    Best wishes
    Hermann T. Meyer

  2. Barry McMillen, MA writes:

    Long have we known that education was the golden path to a drug free life for our children and we haven’t done very well, have we?
    Why?
    It is not blame that will rescue our failing family systems. I do not believe a specific religeous doctine is the answer, check your history books on that idea. So what then?
    Politics? Please, give me a break!
    We the people of this country need to take our country back and toss out the money changers who profit from the addiction of our children. It is our, yes our, responsibility to seek help, learn how to deal with our own problems, share our vulnerability with our children and connect in positive communication that is based on unconditional positive regard for others. A big job! One that we can accomplish if we work together.
    Oh, and put a big cap on the drug companies and government protected drug dealers, i.e. Tobacco Cartel.
    Thank you for listening.

  3. Joanne Rooks writes:

    As the mother of a 23-year-old who has been fighting addictions since his teens, and the resulting legal and social problems, I am so thankful for what you are doing. I often wonder why the alcohol companies are allowed to put out ads glamorizing their product, when tobacco companies were limited years ago. The ones during sporting events (ie. Superbowl) are especially objectionable. Let’s all not be afraid to speak up for our values!

  4. Dr. John J. Coleman writes:

    Chairman Joe, I beg to differ with your statement that Hillary got it right on blaming her fellow Americans for causing the mayhem in Mexico. You and I are both old enough to remember when the “feminists” complained that we should not blame the victim for the crime of rape by saying things like “she deserved it” or “she was wearing the wrong clothes or said the wrong thing, etc.” The feminists were right and, today, we hardly ever hear such insensitive and sexist remarks. Better still, we place the blame where it belongs: squarely on the shoulders of the criminal, not the victim. Hillary’s statement in Mexico the other day may have been an attempt by her to ingratiate herself with her hosts by parroting a common refrain offered by all leaders of drug producing countries to excuse their failure to deal effectively with their criminals. She fell for one of the world’s oldest canards. Indeed, at the 1909 Shanghai Opium Commission meeting, the British used pretty much the same excuse to justify their involvement in the Asian opium trade. Compared with most other developed nations in the world, our drug control policies have worked quite well to reduce drug-related morbidity and mortality. Instead of recognizing this, Hillary belittled the efforts and achievements of millions of her fellow Americans like you and me who are fighting every day in every way to keep our kids safe from drugs. Instead, she blamed us for causing the murderous criminals in Mexico and elsewhere who produce and smuggle drugs to our cities and towns. Maybe it was something we were wearing or said that provoked these international drug thugs. I agree with the rest of your analysis and I thank you and your colleagues at CASA for doing an otherwise fine job of telling it like it is (most of the time).

  5. Angie Malone writes:

    It is unfortunate that our country still fails to accept that the disease of addiction is not going away. We need to inform the kids whose lives we touch that abuse of alcohol and other substances is not neccessary to have a good time! We need to tell them how great they are and that we love them, as well as spend quality time with them.

  6. Martin Aasen writes:

    Excellent points of view, Barry. It does indeed start in the family system. This is why I fell head over heels for CASA. I will soon have earned my Bachelors degree in addiction counseling, and though I have a problem with the assembly line of treating addicts, CASA has given my hope with their ideas to help troubled youths and their families. Even with CASA, I still won’t be able to help a youth until they have had 8, 9, 10,? years with their family system. Plus, I’m leaning heavily towards the science of addiction. Unbelievable what is being discovered today. Oh, by the way, I really thought Mrs. Clinton would be a fresh outlook on my children’s future. However, she is married to Bill (Skull and Bones) Clinton. Seriously, think about it!

  7. Ronald B. Brinn writes:

    Re: Hillary is Right……

    The US-Mexico Narco-Weapons contract must be
    broken. They traffic Drugs and Humans, we provide
    cash and Guns. US is throwing gasoline on the fire
    of Mexican violence; and importing drugs/violence to US cities.
    We are also empowering South American narcotics producers,
    organized crime groups, and financing terrorism in these
    illicit trades. Please don’t regress to “Just Say NO” Look where
    that got us.

    Just Say Go!

    Thanks Joe.

  8. Dominique Simon-Levine writes:

    In over 25 presidential debates, no candidate from either party mentioned drug abuse as a national problem. Yet I would be willing to bet that the problem exists in many of the candidates’ own families.

    The United States demands and consumes more illicit drugs per capita than any other nation. The human toll is compelling. A recent Gallop Poll reported that 1/3 of all Americans reported a loved one with an alcohol problem, ¼ had a loved one with a drug problem. Over half of all inmates in the correctional system were convicted of a drug offense. For the most understandable of reasons, Alcoholics Anonymous is based on creating a therapeutic “community” outside of easy visibility.

    In our local schools here in western Massachusetts, surveys that ask about alcohol or pot reveal that more junior high and high school teens are regular users than the average nationally. By high school, 57% of students are using alcohol regularly and 39% are smoking pot. Our challenge is indeed close to home.

    While many of these kids will mature out of their drug use, 10% to 15% will become addicted to alcohol, pot, or harder drugs. A recent study followed a group of teens for 10 years who either drank or smoked pot heavily. Researchers concluded that pot was “the drug of choice for life’s future losers,” with pot smokers 6 times more likely to use other drugs than those who drank alcohol, and 3 times more likely to be unemployed or drop out of school.

    Drug use and addiction pierce into our fears too much. As parents, children, siblings or partners, we just close our eyes.

    Take the sad story of the actor Heath Ledger, found dead in his Manhattan apartment this past January. His toxicology report measured shelves-worth of narcotics like oxycodone, mood effecting drugs, and hypnotics….all in the brain of an otherwise healthy 27-year-old. Like millions of Americans of all ages, Heath Ledger had a life-threatening and debilitating substance problem. Yet the media and his family chose to focus on the accidental nature of the overdose, presumably because the more likely explanation was simply too revealing and stigmatizing.

    Heath Ledger died because others, friends or family, tried in vain to put an easy face on an ugly wound.

    It seems beyond reason that despite all that molecular neuroscience reveals of the basic mechanisms of addiction, we continue to regard it largely as a personal failing meriting moral judgment and marginalization. Drug addiction has become a “brand,” not a diagnosis, with the label conveying more about the person than about brain chemistry.

    Only a generation ago, cancer was a barely –spoken word: it predicted its own inevitable finality. Today, cancer survivors can celebrate advanced medical science and a compassionate society. Imagine a time when survivors of “addiction” are so welcome that families like Ledger’s embrace the truth at the earliest possible moment of diagnosis, optimistic that full remission is possible.

    Substance abuse remains the true third rail of American political discourse. And when the problem is kept in the shadows, solutions are much harder to find.

    As with most difficult problems, a missing ingredient is “will,” individual, local, and political. With it we can traverse the barriers of fear and shame. Parents, partners and other significant others can be taught how to modify day-to-day behaviors that can have a profound effect on their loved one’s addiction. It is through political will that treatment-on-demand will become a reality.

    At the core though remains the stigma. There are no ribbons to wear, no marches to join, and no telethons to raise money. Stories about local kids who “ overdose “ or “ binge “ to death or run away into lives of risk and despair remain as frightening as looking through the microscope at a slide of our own cancer. With compassion, clarity and some courage, we can move drug addiction from a place of fear to the prospect of real progress.

    Dominique Simon-Levine is the Director of Allies in Recovery, a center in Northampton, MA that provides family members of those with substance problems research-based trainings, resources, and support.

  9. Donald B Parsons writes:

    As a child from a broken home who started smoking (my dad’s) cigarettes at 13, drinking at age 15 and smoking cannabis at 16 will attest that the information in this article is probably quite accurate. I cannot say for certain that I would have turned out differently had I grown up in a two parent environment.
    My Dad had to work 3 jobs sometimes to support 3 kids at home when mom ran off so we had a few unsupervised hours a day.
    I Love my Dad and he did alright by us, I got the belt a couple times but only in the extreme cases when I deserved it. I remember discussions about drugs and alcohol vaguely as we didn’t get into details.
    I can tell you this for example that the years of drinking were the worst because I can’t remember all the times I endangered other people’s lifes by getting behind the wheel totally intoxicated. The effects of alcohol are worse than the effects of tobacco because you can still smoke a cigarette and effectively drive but they BOTH WILL KILL YOU eventually and possibly others around you ie: drunk driving fatalities, and second hand smoke.. The effects of cannabis are FAR less harmful to you and / or others around you and WILL NOT KILL YOU or others around you. I DO NOT recommend driving after smoking cannabis because there is the chance that you may be pulled over for driving too slow. The worst thing cannabis ever did to me (negatively speaking) is to drain my wallet so I could’nt buy the cool things my non-smoking friends were buying, but these were the choices I made voluntarily.

    I prefer prevention and recommend to ALL youth to steer clear of all these substances and in the case of the ones that have already crossed that barrier and are seeking help, lets try and help them break the habit and not throw them in prison for harming themselves.

    The part of this article that is missing is PEER PRESSURE which has a bigger effect on some kids than even a two parent stable environment does.

  10. John Higgins-Biddle, Ph.D. writes:

    Dear Joe,

    Secretary Clinton was right on target, and after 25 years of working on this subject it is music to my ears to hear an American government official tell the truth. But I’m wondering why you jump from this statement to the issue of our children. Sure it’s important to keep kids from misusing alcohol and illicit drugs, but let’s not blame our nation’s habits on our kids. They haven’t taught adults how to misuse drugs and their flow across the border won’t stop if kids stop demanding them. We adults are the root of the problem. And the problem lies in a group far larger than those who are addicted.

    Fortunately, we now have an evidenced-based way to reduce this demand, which is driven not just by addicts but by people who occasionally use marijuana, cocaine, and prescription drugs the way they misuse alcohol. Screening, Brief Intervention, or Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) has not only been tested successfully in over 50 clinical trials, it has also been demonstrated in a huge, ongoing Federal program. It is the 21st century revolution in this field to reduce our adult and adolescent demand from misused substances. But we need CASA’s support for expanding its dissemination through many Federal agencies and within the healthcare reform process. So let’s get that support through your board room so it can get into medical practices and hence into everyone’s living rooms!

  11. Richard L. Strait writes:

    If addictive treatment is going to work then it must DEMAND that every member of the family participate at some level of the education and counseling process, inlcuding not limited to STOP using in the home while treatment is in process, which could be up to a year of intensive treatment with several more years of follow-up services.

  12. Don Flanner writes:

    Great discussions, and on target for the most part. I think that Hillary was right in her statements that we, in USA are the responsible parties for the drug epidemic and trade across the borders.
    As parents and community coalitions we must work together, supporting one another in education and parenting skills as Joseph Califano, Jr reported. It begins with the parents, who do have the most influence on their children (negative or positive).
    My dad began smoking at 10 yrs of age, and smoked 2 to 3 packs when he came home from WWII. My two brothers and I began to swipe a cigarette or two from his pack when we were in grade school and he found the butts in the milk barn. He took us aside all together-age 12, 9 and 8 and told us his story about how he began smoking, and how he had tried several time to stop (without success). Among othe things, he said that if we wanted to smoke, we would need to sit in the house with our mother and/or with him present and we could smoke his cigarettes, but if he had to do it all over again, he never would have begun smoking. He did warn us that if he caught us sneaking a smoke elsewhere, he would “tan our hides”. None of the three of us ever smoked or used alcohol after that “father to son” talk we received that day.
    I believe that parents do have the strongest influence. I also believe that communities can come together and with planning and assistance from trained professionals, and a task force which includes all sectors of the community, with support from schools, churches, city councils and concerned persons, lowering in the rising drug and alcohol use can be obtained. It is difficult work; it takes patience and persistance; it take cooperation from parents, who unfortunately are often the ones who supply prescription drugs and alcohol to their children and their children’s friends–sometimes unknowingly. Lack of supervision and too often easy access and ignorance or a false sense of trust (that their child would never do anything wrong), open the opportunity for abuse by teens and even those in elementery schools.
    As a Minister of the United Methodist Church in a small community in Kansas, I am part of a “task force” - which is making progress, working together to reduce abuses in our community of 3600 people.
    Thanks for the opportunity and the comments on this serious topic which we all need to pray can and will be brought under control for our next generation of children–my grandchildren.

  13. Keeler Sisters (Kate and Cristin) writes:

    Kathryn A. Keeler, M.D.
    Assistant Professor Orthopedic Surgery
    Chrildren’s Hospital in St. Louis, MO
    Fellowships from 2007/2009:
    Hospital for Children, St. Louis MO.
    &
    Chrildren Hospital in Wilmington, Delaware

    Dear Parents,

    Now, more than ever, our kids need our help to succeed.

    Everyday our children are confronted with tough situations that will impact their lives. Among them, prescription drug abuse.

    Unfortunately, prescription drug abuse is widespread yet under appreciated since many parents are often unaware of the problem. In 2007, more than 4.1 million teens abused prescription drugs and one-third of all new abusers of prescription drugs were 12- to 17-years old1.

    Most teens believe that prescription drugs provide a “safe” high2 and nearly one-third of teens believe there’s “nothing wrong” with using prescription medicines without a prescription3. In addition, prescription drugs are widely available and often free or inexpensive. 70% of teens who abuse prescription pain relievers report obtaining the drugs from their friends’ or family’s medicine cabinet1.

    The most common prescription drugs abused include: painkillers, anti-depressants, sleeping pills, anti-anxiety medications, and stimulants such as medications prescribed to treat ADHD2. In addition, common over-the-counter medications such as cough medications and cold remedies containing dextromethorphan (DXM), a cough suppressant, are also taken in order to “get high.”

    Prescription drugs are dangerous and deadly. While these medications certainly serve a purpose (I have personally prescribed narcotic pain medications such as Vicodin and Oxycontin to many patients after surgery) prescription drugs are addictive and their effects could be lethal. While many families recognize the importance of locking up guns and liquor few consider locking up potentially dangerous and even deadly prescription and over-the-counter drugs commonly found in many household medicine cabinets.

    We need to eliminate the risk of prescription drug abuse by locking up our medicines.
    As Joseph A. Califano,Jr. has said “There are more kids abusing prescription drugs than abusing marijuana. When I was a kid in Brooklyn, NY when parents had liquor they locked up the liquor cabinet. Maybe parents need to lock up the medicine cabinet.” By locking up our Rx drugs this act will help parents and caretakers better secure our children’s future and thereby empowering and enabling our children to succeed and excel.

    U.S. drug czar John Walters speaking at the White House in September 2008 with a warning to parents: Lock your medicine cabinets.

    Dr. Kathryn A. Keeler MD

    1. National Survey on Drug Use and Health. 2007
    2. Prescription for Danger. Office of the National Drug Control Policy Executive Office of the President. January 2008. 3.Partnership Attitude Tracking Study. 2007

    Cristin A. Keeler OT/LR
    Designer/Inventor of the MedicineSafes
    Occupational Therapists and Safety Product Developer
    Working in New York City
    1.1 million students in over 1500 schools.

    Dear Parents and Caregivers,

    Over the past ten years I have had the privilege of working closely with children and families in New York City as a pediatric Occupational Therapist. This experience has made me acutely aware of the team of individuals that it takes to nurture and raise a safe and healthy child. It begins with parents, who must ensure a secure and loving environment with good values and extends to caregivers, teachers, civil servants, government agencies and businesses.

    The community responsibility to ensure the health and welfare of the next generation cannot be overlooked.

    My work with children in the community has included pre-teens and middle school and high school students. This group, in particular, seems to be most “at risk” as they navigate serious developmental challenges of growing up. I have found that adult temptations of sex, drugs, and alcohol are influencing children as young are 9 and 10. Without guidance these immature individuals are more likely to give in to temptation and explore areas that they are not ready to consider, as a result, the child will make poor decisions. This is why it is our responsibility to safeguard our children, our community and our future.

    With this in mind, I developed the idea for the (I do not want to do an ad for this Product). The concept was born during an interdisciplinary meeting of therapists and teachers working with children with Asberger’s syndrome in New York City. We discussed safety concerns in the home as the child matures and appropriate environmental controls. I thought of ways to control access to harmful substances and decided the best way to do this is to lock up prescription drugs.

    I realized that this type of intervention has applications to assist families of neurotypical children as the use of prescription drugs by children and teens has increased dramatically. This sample intervention of locking up Rx drugs can dramatically affect the lives of our children by ensuring safety in the home, guiding the choices they make, and encouraging carry-over into the choices made within the community.

    “It is shocking to me how much my middle school students talk about drugs and sex to each other…when I work with them one on one, they express a strong desire to be kids and just play.” OT working in NYC middle school

    Our goal is to let our children be children.

    Cristin Ann Keeler

  14. Carolyn Reuben, L.Ac. writes:

    The solution to our drug epidemic lies not “across kitchen tables” but ON kitchen tables. We are a malnourished nation in spite of our girth due to impoverished soil and daily diets of white flour, white sugar, fried almost-foods and precious few whole grains, fruits, seafood, and vegetables. Our adrenal glands are taxed to the max by incessant emotional and physical stress. According to Kenneth Blum, PhD, a pharmacogeneticist with pioneering research on the genetic link to alcoholism, about one third of all Americans are genetically deficient in the feel-good neurotransmitter dopamine, leading to the revolving door of our treatment facilities, prisons, and pharmacies. Talk therapy can no more cure or even treat neurotransmitter deficiency than a good counseling session can return a diabetic’s blood sugar to normal.
    Some of the remaining two thirds of drug users are malnourished because their drug use led to nutrient-deficient meals or no meals at all. Others are not malnourished, just using as a part of their social system. They are the ones who can “Just Say No” and who respond so successfully to motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and all the excellent work of the counselors in our programs.
    For the biochemically deficient, only biochemical restoration allows their minds to focus and to receive our best efforts at counseling. Restoration begins with wholesome food and is quickened with individualized nutritional supplements and acupuncture.
    Stimulant users and the fatigued among us who can’t concentrate need the amino acid tyrosine to build more dopamine. People in emotional and physical pain need phenylalanine to maintain endorphins. People who are obsessive-compulsive, suffer panic attacks, nightmares, low self-esteem, afternoon cravings, and suicidal thoughts need tryptophan or 5HTP to produce more serotonin. And, people who are anxious and tense need GABA to produce more GABA.
    Yet, even a cheap multivitamin makes a difference. Stephen Schoenthaler, PhD of California State University Stanislaus proved inmate violence and rule infractions reduced so dramatically within three days from a daily multivitamin-mineral that a $1 investment returned $1,000 in one month to the California Department of Corrections.
    We will successfully empty our prisons of the parolees returning from blowing their parole due to drug use and produce productive, tax-paying, healthy citizens when we give every client who walks in our treatment program door a nourishing meal, food to take home every day, and nutritional supplements that match the biochemical need of the individual. That’s what the Sacramento County Probation Department is doing with its Drug Court and we saved our county $20 million our first ten years.
    Anyone interested in learning more, come to a conference cosponsored by the State of California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs and the nonprofit Community Addiction Recovery Assoc. (CARA) at the Hilton Sacramento Arden West Hotel April 17-19th 2009 in Sacramento. It’s called Brain Repair for Addictive Disorders: Cost-Effective, Successful, Drug-Free Therapies. All details at http://www.carasac.org/Conference/index.shtml or call 916-485-2272 or carolynreuben@carasac.org. You can read about nutritional restoration in The Mind Cure by Julia Ross, MFT or Seven Weeks to Sobriety by Joan Mathews Larson, PhD and books by other speakers at the conference.

  15. Dianne writes:

    As the adopted parent of 6 children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) I believe our nation has not openly addressed alcohol and drug addictions as a national crisis. Raising children directly affected by prenatal alcohol use shows me and anyone working with my family the devastating affects alcohol use can have on an individual. My family is at high risk to continue this risky behavior as they grow older. I wonder how many individuals currently struggling with an alcohol addiciton may also be struggling with an undiagnosed FASD as well.

    Research and programming for FASD prevention and interventions f are sorely underfunded or non-existing in most areas of our nation. We may very well need to put our money upfront to prevent future alcohol exposed births so as not to pay for costly programming later in an individual’s life. Further, we need to support the individuals with FASD to lead successful, meaningful lives.

  16. Brinna Nanda writes:

    Parents are the one’s who should be screaming for the regulation of cannabis. Regulation IS law and order. Prohibition is a free-for-all. We should have learned that by now.

    In addition, ALL advertisements pertaining to alcohol and tobacco should be heavily restricted or banned in public venues, and available on the internet only on “18 or older” sites; and absolutely no direct marketing of prescription medication to consumers should be allowed. Children become curious about prescription drugs because they learn about them on television and through magazine ads.

    It is our love affair with unfettered capitalism that is our downfall. Even suggesting that a company should not be allowed to advertise a product (tobacco) which is essentially no more than a slow-acting poison sends certain folks into paroxysms of indignation.

    Thank the Goddess (yes, I am one of “those” feminists) that we are finally taking a long delayed look at Drug Policy Reform, and as a result may finally have a chance of saving our civilization.

  17. Karen Hadley writes:

    I admit freely to being a major fan of Mr. Califano and CASA. In counterpoint to those who support increasing access to addictive substances such as marijuana, cocaine and heroin, Mr. Califano sanely supports drug-free lives with real science, real experience, real advice. Drug-free is the only way to go, the only sane future. Earlier today, I chased down a friend of mine who was addicted to heroin for decades and has beaten that enemy at last. I asked him what effect that heroin had on him, aside from the illegalities. He told me, “The illegal actions landed me in jail and made me homeless. But the heroin itself robbed me of my life. I was anesthetized. I felt nothing, none of the joys of life.” Is this what we want for Americans when there are successful ways to reduce demand through effective rehabilitation or prevention through education, especially of our youth? I say no. I will continue to say no at every opportunity. I will continue to say no until the day I die.

  18. BJ writes:

    I think we are overlooking another addiction that is a product of the times. Computer gaming/internet addictions. These are specifically targeted at our teens and we need more research and controls on the gaming industry.

  19. Curtiss Kolodney writes:

    I am the Recovery Housing Manager at The Connecticut Community for Addiction Recovery (CCAR). CCAR organizes the recovery community (people in recovery, family members, friends and allies) to
    1) Put a face on recovery and
    2) Provide recovery support services.
    By promoting recovery from alcohol and other drug addiction through advocacy, education and service, CCAR strives to end discrimination surrounding addiction and recovery, open new doors and remove barriers to recovery, maintain and sustain recovery regardless of the pathway, all the while ensuring that all people in recovery, and people seeking recovery, are treated with dignity and respect.

    CCAR’s membership represents all facets of the recovery community, people in recovery from alcohol and other drug addiction, family members, friends and allies and numbers more than 3,000. We have a pool of almost 600 volunteers. Approximately 300 of those individuals are actively volunteering. We put a face on recovery through frequent speaking engagements, cable public access television broadcasts, DVDs, videos, posters, a web presence http://www.ccar.us, and major events to promote recovery like Recovery Walks! September 26, 2009 will be our 10th Recovery Walks! In the year 2000, Recovery Walks! was the first march ever in support of recovery from alcohol and other drug addiction. Through four recovery community centers located in Willimantic, New London, Bridgeport and Hartford CCAR provides a variety of support services. Some of these services include all-recovery groups, recovery training series, family support and education, recovery coaching, recovery social events, telephone recovery support, recovery oriented employment services and assistance with recovery housing with the website http://www.findrecoveryhousing.com

    Let’s continue to advocate for programs that focus on the light of recovery and not the darkness of addiction. Our children are counting on us.

  20. Michael Alan Sadler writes:

    The biggest problem about kids and drugs is that parents don’t know how to talk to kids about drugs.

  21. Erlinda Vale writes:

    Hello
    God bless you for your continuing service in helping to stop drug use ,starting with cigarettes! You were so right! Their link with obesity has led to harder drug use as kids are less cared for they get less nutrition which affects their brains adversley they feel bad,disoriented,crazy so they try to “fix” themselves. If only they got enough right nutrition,sleep,exercise and knew about love. Somebody has to take them to church and as your study proves-parents have to set solid family values and high expectations by example!
    Thanks
    E. Vale

  22. Roger Morgan writes:

    Dear Chairman Califano:

    Good article! If we we prevent the problem of ATOD use and abuse we won’t have to pay for it later, in lives or dollars.

    On the question of how best to prevent it, is a federal mandate for non-punitive random drug testing for all students grades 6 through 12 not only desirable, but necessary?

    I know parents are most important, but based on your own research at CASA, 56% of kids are at moderate to high risk due in large part to parental shortcomings. We know also that on average, a kid uses drugs for two years before parents even know, and too often, its too late then to get them help.

    America is not only in the economic abysss, but one if four or five students don’t even graduate from high school …. and according to UC Santa Barbara each dropout will cost society $392,000 as the burden public health, welfare and the justic system.

    Non-punitive random drug testing is the best among many tools to keep kids off alcohol and drugs, keep them safe, in the system until they reach adulthood intact. Certainly the epidemic demands radical action … if this can even be considered radical.

    Roger Morgan
    Californians for Drug-Free Schools

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Spring Break - Wasting Our Best & Brightest

March 16th, 2009

Joseph A. Califano, Jr.This is Spring Break time.  For thousands of college students, that’s when they show how much they’ve learned about binge drinking during their fall and winter on campus.  If you don’t have a sense of the heavy drinking, pot smoking, and wet T shirt and bare breast contests that mark Spring Break parties, tune into MTV which every year around this time runs Spring Break specials about the parties down south and in Cancun, Mexico.

The tragedy is that some kids will injure themselves permanently because of their alcohol-fueled antics and that many college women will engage in unsafe sex or be sexually assaulted because they’re too high to control their impulses or reject unwanted advances from a drunken companion.

What’s most troubling is that Spring Break is truly the tip of the alcohol abuse iceberg for America’s college students.

CASA’s exhaustive analysis of the situation, aptly titled Wasting the Best and the Brightest, found that half of the nation’s college students—some four million–abuse alcohol or other drugs and almost quarter of them meet the medical (DSM IV) criteria for alcohol and drug dependence or abuse.  That compares with only 8.5 percent of the general over 12 U.S. population that meet such medical criteria.

Most college presidents recognize alcohol abuse as the top problem on their campuses.  Indeed former Princeton President Harold Shapiro called it “the greatest single threat to the University’s fulfillment of its mission.”  Unfortunately, a few would make alcohol more readily available to their students by lowering the drinking age from 21 to 18.  To me that’s like a fireman pouring gasoline on a four alarm fire.  That’s what John McCardell, former president of Middlebury, is doing, fanning the flames of binge drinking on college campuses with his proposal to lower the drinking age to 18.  He’s pushing so hard to lower the drinking age that he sounds like a hired gun for the beer and distilled spirits merchants because, as all our research shows, availability is the mother of use.  As Rev. Michael McFarland, SJ, president of the College of the Holy Cross, has written about his experience on college campuses when the drinking age was 18, “It was a disaster.  There was more vandalism, more violence, and more risky behavior.”

There’s no doubt that the alcohol problem on our campuses is a raging fire.  In a typical year, thanks to alcohol abuse more than 1,700 college students die, about 100,000 are raped and sexually assaulted and 700,000 are assaulted. 

In recent years there has been an increase in the number of lawsuits against colleges and universities for failure to provide adequate safety to students who have been killed, injured or raped due to alcohol abuse.  Since these suits commonly cite widespread drinking by underage students, university lawyers would like to move the age down to 18 and eliminate that allegation.

For those truly interested in dealing with this crisis, here are a few things parents can demand for the big tuition bills they pay and college presidents can do in order to change the alcohol fueled culture on campuses:

  • Ban alcohol advertising on television and radio broadcasts of college football, basketball and other sports events.
  • Provide substance free dormitories for students.
  • Close down fraternities and sororities where excessive drinking occurs and ban any use of alcohol in fraternity rush events.
  • Ban open kegs.  Require that only trained servers serve alcohol and that non alcoholic beverages be offered whenever alcoholic beverages are.
  • Notify parents when their children are found to be intoxicated.
  • Work with the local community to limit the number of bars surrounding campuses and to curb alcohol promotions designed to lure underage and excessive drinkers (like free drinks for women, no men allowed, until 10 PM, when men are admitted to buy drinks after the women are already high).
  • Require alcohol and substance abuse education for all college students.
  • Make it impossible for students to avoid Friday classes and morning classes (thus, the weekend will not start on Thursday afternoon and not every night will be a potential party night).  This will require the faculty to teach on Fridays when many would  prefer to have a long weekend or a free day for consulting or research.

These are a few things that colleges and universities can to curb excessive drinking by their students.  For a more complete list, look at the CASA report, Wasting the Best and the Brightest: Substance Abuse at Americas Colleges and Universities. 

If you’re a parent with a student about to go to college or already there, please check out the drinking situation on your son’s or daughter’s campus.  It could save your child from some terrible tragedy, even (God forbid!) death.

Most importantly, if you’re a parent, college president or administrator, or college student, you may have even better ideas.  Send them to me by responding to my blog.

 

 

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Comments:

  1. George writes:

    More good advise from Califano, Jr. It time for a campaign calling excessive drinking what it is…. dumb.

  2. Kate McCauley, MEd, LCSW writes:

    I teach at a small liberal arts college. One of the things that I notice is that my students who are working their way through college have much less time, interest, or money to party the way their more well-heeled classmates do. Earning your way seems to keep students attentive to the waste of money and time partying brings.

    One thing that I do at the beginning of each semester is discuss what it costs to miss a class. We do the Math. I suggest that they might as well flush the $125 down the toilet if they aren’t going to bother to come to class.

    One other thought. It is important for parents to gauge whether or not their kids are ready to handle the drinking culture that exists on campus. If an 18 or 19 y.o. is not ready, than seriously consider a gap year or two. The pressure to drink in college is pretty severe and immature kids have a hard time backing away. This is especially true if they drank in high school. I know one parent of a high school senior who put not going away to college on the table when discussing consequences for underage drinking.

  3. Nora Whelan writes:

    Thank you for the informative and inspirational article.

    As a parent of a freshman who is dorming at a NYC college and a senior in high school (who is soon leaving for college!) I truly appreciate the advice and will follow it.

    I am a supporter and respectful of the “21″ age limit and so are my two older daughters. I know that they are going to face many instances where their resolve will be tested but hope the preparation my husband and I have provided will keep them on track.

    As a past professional in the field, I feel that character education and community awareness are instrumental in promoting healthy self-esteem and preventing substance abuse problems. I have been researching reinstating my CASAC and pursuing a CPS thus I came upon the CASA website. I am extremely impressed with the information provided and have forwarded the website to my children.

    In my opinion, The CASASTART program seems to be the answer! Is it being implemented in more communities? I would love to see this program in Westchester, New York. Please contact me if there are any ways to help.

    Thank you for taking the time to reach out to the community!

  4. Musa writes:

    I’ve read a lot of literature on higher education policy and reform, and it always amazes how much they tiptoe around this issue. Alcohol and drug abuse on campus is a dangerous epidemic. Particularly in straitened times, this culture of cheap thrills and constant entertainment could trigger an even greater social crisis.

    Thank you for your work and may God guide you to all that is good.

  5. joe88 writes:

    Hi,

    The article is very helpful. I appreciate the efforts made by the author.

    Austin

    Substance Abuse Center

  6. Jack T. Fryer Jr. writes:

    Dear Mr. Califano
    Last October, I had the privilege of attending, as a representative of the One Day at a Time publication, the casaconferences.org conference on “the Wasting the Best and the Brightest: Substance Abuse at America’s colleges and Universities”. We were thoroughly impressed, and particularly by the panel hosted by Leslie Stahl of “60 Minutes”. The panel was highlighted by a beautiful lady Anna Thomas who is a graduate and now graduate student of Center for the Study of Addiction and Recovery (CSAR) at Texas Tech University, which is a model that is now getting national attention aided by your exposure. This Center is immensely popular, even where previous efforts have due to lack of interest. But times are changing. We were so impressed that our Publisher/Editor/Founder David Palmer went there to do a feature story for our latest edition, available this week. We highly recommend that trustees, alums, parents, and patriots nationwide study this solution carefully and Join casacolumbia.org in this campaign.
    The pictures and the statistics demonstrated by your blog, in Wasting the Best and the Brightest serve to prove what we have suspected all along. The “national moral deficit“ that allows this level of addiction is, in all probability, the most debilitating issue in this country. It is also certainly the most politically undefined contributor to the economic drain and lack of productivity that plagues the US today. It is probably safe to say that, as a product of substance abuse, 25 to 30% of our citizens are not capable of making sound decisions. We are at war with addiction and at this point we still have no definable policy or strategy in place. By your accurate model, quantified in your book High Society (Public Affairs, 2007) there is easily a TRILLION ($1,000,000,000,000.00) dollars that we can recapture annually just by cleaning ourselves up, not to mention the expansion of productivity and the return of upscale morality to our communities. With your lead and through your foundation there is no excuse for this society to not immerse itself in these solutions. The positive side is that solutions do exist and it’s primarily a matter of education. At onedayatatime.com we have a stated objective to reduce this national cost by 1 %( $1,000,000,000.00 Billion). We believe that if all related agencies and institutions joined a unified effort to set identifiable goals and monitoring we could set a solid line of defense.
    In our next issue of http://www.OneDayAtATime.com we are planning a follow up feature on an absolutely amazing campus transformation initiated by the GREEK fraternity system, led by alumni and trustees of the University of Arkansas.
    Thanks for all of your hard work and insight. We look forward to a long, rewarding relationship with casacolombia.org as we spread the word across the nation.
    Sincerely,
    Jack T. Fryer Jr. business developer

  7. Linda Lee Soderstrom writes:

    i sit on a task force involving the three colleges in our small minnesota city, their deans of student affairs, our police, the tavveners in town, a social scientist [who is currently surveying the city on their alcohol related questions/concerns and has 1-200 citizens coming soon to an alcohol day of awareness], student senators and college students building an alcohol free nightclub. we care but how to bridge that great divide to students who are drinking simply because they can? that is the question. their first time away from home, peer group pressure, possible abuse or addiction, even just treating substances as the only way to have fun……it is a societal norm. so very sad and quite expensive. our task force’s next step is to try to eliminate the “all U can drink” specials and nightly cheap shots, mixed drinks and other come-ons at the local bars. our town offers safe rides back to the campus for our college students. the city has limited kegs to one per address per calendar date, with a registered responsible party. private and public venues are police monitored, as are after-closing noise levels on street. one solution has been a liaison with the town movie theatre where an after hours showing of current flics is at a reduced price for the college crowd. these are all good ideas but do not get “at” the thirst to be out of control, wild and crazy- which underlies the behavior. in the last 2 weeks two male students have fallen off roofs to their deaths in our small city. both drinking related. last year a female student had completed her finals, called home to say A-ok and was dead 12 hours later. acute alcohol poisoning. this cost is too great. producers and sellers of alcohol are major culprits here and need to be held accountable. we also need accessible, fun and fulfilling educational experiences ABOUT alcohol for students of all ages…….because
    “if nothing changes- nothing changes”[AA]

  8. Ann Prete writes:

    Dear Chairman Califano,

    Over 135 Univesity and College Presidents have given up on our youth and am not surprised former President John McArdell leading the charge. I believe in Henry Wechsler College Alcohol Study found college students of New England Universities and Colleges to be leaders in the field of binge drinking. Middlebury College was no exclusion to the findings. It’s a grave day in education when our leaders ban together to form a coalition for the purpose of the destruction of our 18-20 year olds. Do they really believe by lowering the drinking age will solve the nation’s problems of binge drinking? They need to find another job!

    Thank you for taking the lead. I welcome you to forward my website to any interested party to help bring about change.

    Ann

  9. Doug writes:

    Mr Califano, I saw your comments recently regarding the possible legalization of Marijuana. I am a nurse, and I worked with a substance abuse population and adolescents for approximately 15 years in the mental health setting. To start with you can ask almost any adolescent especially in the MH setting and they will tell you they have easier access to marijuana than alcohol because alcohol is legal. Secondly there is NO evidence that marijuana leads to use of heavier drugs. Interviewing people who use harder drugs that admit they used marijuana does not support that theory. That is how that data was collected. Dishonest! Finally, marijuana is NOT physically addictive regardless of what the head of any agency states. In my 15 plus years working in the medical field I have NEVER seen anybody in withdrawal from marijuana. In addition if marijuana was legal there wouldn’t be dealers trying to get kids hooked on marijuana. That is an absurd assertion. If adults could get marijuana legally the dealers who sell marijuana would be out of business. I guess we could look at the big black market that remains active selling alcohol underground even though it is legal. That would be a similar comparison. I can understand that you have moral or ethical issues with the legalization of marijuana but the discussions should be based on actual science, not the opinion of individuals or agencies. Quite frankly sir the science does not support your points.

  10. Steven L. writes:

    As a fully credientialled, tenured, special education teacher in a high at-risk, inner city public continuation high school, I see the disease of alcoholism and drug addiction (I consider them two facets of the same coin) running rampart and taking down “The Best and the Brightest”. The students most often see this as harmless, enjoyable entertainment fully denying nothing bad will or can happen to them. There would appear to be a significant disconnect between the kid’s perceptions and reality. In addition, it seems as if very little can be done to get many of them to pay attention to the facts.
    Your David Halberstam plagiarism has me reflecting on the fact that they almost appear to not know what to do with the intellect they have been given–too smart for their own good. I have heard it called, “knucklehead”.
    The saddest part is that my experience tells of an answer, 12 steps. Unfortunately it only is effective if it is wanted.
    As one who just celebrated 21 years clean and sober, I wish I could pour into my students heads some of my experiences so they don’t have to go through what I went through to get to where I am am today.
    Be Well

  11. Linda Ranfone writes:

    Thank You for your hard work in recognizing the plight of the useage
    of drugs in this generation. My part, as a treatment consultant is
    to navigate the system and find services, rehabs, detox facilities
    nationwide, at no cost since we are non-profit. It breaks my heart
    to hear the fear and the sadness in the families voices, not knowing
    where to turn, or what to do, or where to go. There is a great need
    to reach out and the college students after leaving home, find themselves tempted as well with the drug world. I thank you again
    for your care and consideration and compassion to guide, teach and
    help this hurting popluation. We as “servers” are helping them to
    get their lives back. A parent thinks they are sending their child away and I hear many heart-renching stories. Your a Hero in my book.

  12. Luis Lozano writes:

    Why doesn’t anyone ever question the fact that 51% of our budget goes to the military and only about 2% for Health and Human Services? A little cutting of the defense budget would go a long way to pay for much of the costs of providing health care for everyone.

  13. J E writes:

    My son fell off the dilapidated widow’s walk of his balconied fraternity bedroom, three stories. He had been drinking, of course. He lived, but sustained many broken bones and significant internal injury.

    This happened on campus at University of Rochester. The school, knowing that extreme drinking takes place, allowed the building to fall into extreme disrepair, and did not even bother to repair the balcony from which he fell for the three years following.

    I am disgusted by the indifference to the problem of drinking, and the indifference of this university to the safety of our children, whom we naively entrust to them for four or more years.

    My other child went to Pepperdine, and the topic of drinking was thoroughly discussed with the parents on several occasions. Pepperdine is a dry campus. Does that mean no children drink on campus, or that there is no binge drinking? No. But there is far less and the students have consequences, usually expulsion if caught. The result is a lower amount of drinking overall and far less on campus in particular.

    The thing I find interesting is that Pepperdine, located on probably the most premium real estate in the the country, costs less than U of R, which is located on some of the least valuable college real estate in the country. Yet with higher costs all around, Pepperine provides much better housing, better food, more financial aid, and yet still has the means to demonstrate that they take their students’ drinking behavior seriously.

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